In January of 1997, the traditional chemical treatment program at Dominion Energy's corporate office building was replaced with an ozone water treatment system that centered on the Clean Streams™ Ozone Transfer Process. The cooling towers, located on the roof of a 22 story building, were experiencing fouling of the fill that restricted air flow and required quarterly cleaning to prevent reduced cooling efficiency.

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh suggests that this diverse class of water-treatment devices may be ineffective and can allow dangerous bacteria to flourish in the cooling systems of hospitals, commercial offices, and other water-cooled buildings almost as much as they do in untreated water.

Beginning in early 2000, Loudoun County Public Schools began testing an alternate to the traditional chemical treatment programs on their cooling towers on new construction of Elementary and Middle schools.

A study at Washington & Lee University: This paper describes a comparative study conducted at Washington and Lee University that measured the effectiveness of ozone when compared to traditional chemical treatment for evaporative cooling systems.